Suchergebnisse

SUMMARY: The people of Ukraine, a country of 44 million, have suffered a widespread Russian Federation-led military invasion beginning 24 February, 2022, resulting in increasing loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and deterioration of services. The conflict has kicked off a humanitarian crisis that is rapidly devolving into a catastrophe, with threats of massive numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP) and refugees, significant civilian deaths from indiscriminate aerial and rocket bombardment of urban areas by Russian military forces, and long term political and economic instability. In the short term, individual mental and physical trauma, and dismantling of communities and families may become widespread even in areas that see limited military impacts in the coming days. The rapidly changing environment, uncertainty in outcome and resolution of the conflict, and military threats will make provision of humanitarian relief difficult, necessitating a robust near-term stabilization of the security situation. To this end, we recommend immediate establishment of a North Atlantic Threat Organization (NATO)-led No Fly Zone (NFZ), humanitarian corridors for relief and movement displaced persons, and long term humanitarian commitment to the people of Ukraine. RECOMMENDATIONS: We describe the humanitarian and military rationale for establishing a NATO-led No Fly Zone to prevent Russian air attacks inside Ukraine, and speed an end to the conflict. The ultimate goal of US/NATO direct actions described in this commentary is complete withdrawal of Russian-backed forces from Ukraine and repatriation of Ukrainian territory. Only a resolution where Russian Federation withdraws its forces will facilitate longer term regional security. Moreover, continuation of economic sanctions, appropriate reparations, and referral of evidence to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for prosecution of war crimes against civilians are recommended. This commentary will be used as a resource and reference material for political and ...

SUMMARY: The people of Ukraine, a country of 44 million, have suffered a widespread Russian Federation-led military invasion beginning 24 February, 2022, resulting in increasing loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and deterioration of services. The conflict has kicked off a humanitarian crisis that is rapidly devolving into a catastrophe, with threats of massive numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP) and refugees, significant civilian deaths from indiscriminate aerial and rocket bombardment of urban areas by Russian military forces, and long term political and economic instability. In the short term, individual mental and physical trauma, and dismantling of communities and families may become widespread even in areas that see limited military impacts in the coming days. The rapidly changing environment, uncertainty in outcome and resolution of the conflict, and military threats will make provision of humanitarian relief difficult, necessitating a robust near-term stabilization of the security situation. To this end, we recommend immediate establishment of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led No Fly Zone (NFZ), humanitarian corridors for relief and movement displaced persons, and long term humanitarian commitment to the people of Ukraine. RECOMMENDATIONS: We describe the humanitarian and military rationale for establishing a NATO-led No Fly Zone to prevent Russian air attacks inside Ukraine, and speed an end to the conflict. The ultimate goal of US/NATO direct actions described in this commentary is complete withdrawal of Russian-backed forces from Ukraine and repatriation of Ukrainian territory. Only a resolution where Russian Federation withdraws its forces will facilitate longer term regional security. Moreover, continuation of economic sanctions, appropriate reparations, and referral of evidence to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for prosecution of war crimes against civilians are recommended. This commentary will be used as a resource and reference material for political and ...

SUMMARY: The people of Ukraine, a country of 44 million, have suffered a widespread Russian Federation-led military invasion beginning 24 February, 2022, resulting in increasing loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and deterioration of services. The conflict has kicked off a humanitarian crisis that is rapidly devolving into a catastrophe, with threats of massive numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP) and refugees, significant civilian deaths from indiscriminate aerial and rocket bombardment of urban areas by Russian military forces, and long term political and economic instability. In the short term, individual mental and physical trauma, and dismantling of communities and families may become widespread even in areas that see limited military impacts in the coming days. The rapidly changing environment, uncertainty in outcome and resolution of the conflict, and military threats will make provision of humanitarian relief difficult, necessitating a robust near-term stabilization of the security situation. To this end, we recommend immediate establishment of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led No Fly Zone (NFZ), humanitarian corridors for relief and movement displaced persons, and long term humanitarian commitment to the people of Ukraine. RECOMMENDATIONS: We describe the humanitarian and military rationale for establishing a NATO-led No Fly Zone to prevent Russian air attacks inside Ukraine, and speed an end to the conflict. The ultimate goal of US/NATO direct actions described in this commentary is complete withdrawal of Russian-backed forces from Ukraine and repatriation of Ukrainian territory. Only a resolution where Russian Federation withdraws its forces will facilitate longer term regional security. Moreover, continuation of economic sanctions, appropriate reparations, and referral of evidence to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for prosecution of war crimes against civilians are recommended. This commentary will be used as a resource and reference material for political and ...

SUMMARY: The people of Ukraine, a country of 44 million, have suffered a widespread Russian Federation-led military invasion beginning 24 February, 2022, resulting in increasing loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and deterioration of services. The conflict has kicked off a humanitarian crisis that is rapidly devolving into a catastrophe, with threats of massive numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP) and refugees, significant civilian deaths from indiscriminate aerial and rocket bombardment of urban areas by Russian military forces, and long term political and economic instability. In the short term, individual mental and physical trauma, and dismantling of communities and families may become widespread even in areas that see limited military impacts in the coming days. The rapidly changing environment, uncertainty in outcome and resolution of the conflict, and military threats will make provision of humanitarian relief difficult, necessitating a robust near-term stabilization of the security situation. To this end, we recommend immediate establishment of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led No Fly Zone (NFZ), humanitarian corridors for relief and movement displaced persons, and long term humanitarian commitment to the people of Ukraine. RECOMMENDATIONS: We describe the humanitarian and military rationale for establishing a NATO-led No Fly Zone to prevent Russian air attacks inside Ukraine, and speed an end to the conflict. The ultimate goal of US/NATO direct actions described in this commentary is complete withdrawal of Russian-backed forces from Ukraine and repatriation of Ukrainian territory. Only a resolution where Russian Federation withdraws its forces will facilitate longer term regional security. Moreover, continuation of economic sanctions, appropriate reparations, and referral of evidence to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for prosecution of war crimes against civilians are recommended. This commentary will be used as a resource and reference material for political and ...

Abstract
Internally displaced persons are often excluded from HIV molecular epidemiology surveillance due to structural, behavioral, and social barriers in access to treatment. We test a field-based molecular epidemiology framework to study HIV transmission dynamics in a hard-to-reach and highly stigmatized group, internally displaced people who inject drugs (IDPWIDs). We inform the framework by Nanopore generated HIV pol sequences and IDPWID migration history. In June–September 2020, we recruited 164 IDPWID in Odesa, Ukraine, and obtained 34 HIV sequences from HIV-infected participants. We aligned them to publicly available sequences (N = 359) from Odesa and IDPWID regions of origin and identified 7 phylogenetic clusters with at least 1 IDPWID. Using times to the most recent common ancestors of the identified clusters and times of IDPWID relocation to Odesa, we infer potential post-displacement transmission window when infections likely to happen to be between 10 and 21 months, not exceeding 4 years. Phylogeographic analysis of the sequence data shows that local people in Odesa disproportionally transmit HIV to the IDPWID community. Rapid transmissions post-displacement in the IDPWID community might be associated with slow progression along the HIV continuum of care: only 63% of IDPWID were aware of their status, 40% of those were in antiviral treatment, and 43% of those were virally suppressed. Such HIV molecular epidemiology investigations are feasible in transient and hard-to-reach communities and can help indicate best times for HIV preventive interventions. Our findings highlight the need to rapidly integrate Ukrainian IDPWID into prevention and treatment services following the dramatic escalation of the war in 2022.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomics and bioinformatics have emerged as essential public health tools. The genomic data acquired using these methods have supported the global health response, facilitated the development of testing methods and allowed the timely tracking of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Yet the virtually unlimited potential for rapid generation and analysis of genomic data is also coupled with unique technical, scientific and organizational challenges. Here, we discuss the application of genomic and computational methods for efficient data-driven COVID-19 response, the advantages of the democratization of viral sequencing around the world and the challenges associated with viral genome data collection and processing.